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. 2021 Jan 11;70(4):698–706. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Associations between gut microbiota composition of in-hospital patients with COVID-19 and plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and blood inflammation markers. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of gut microbiota composition and association with plasma concentrations of cytokines/chemokines. (B) PCA of gut microbiota composition and association with blood inflammation markers. Statistical correlations were determined using Procrustes tests. Only cytokines and inflammation markers significantly correlated with gut microbiota composition are shown. Red arrows represent gradients of the corresponding cytokines/inflammation marker concentrations and point to the direction of greatest increase in these measures. Colour of the circles represents disease severity groups, and ellipses represent SD of the group centroid. Group centroids are indicated by the group labels. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP, N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.