Table 1. Demographic Distribution of Birth and Delivery Hospitalizations and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Maternal Opioid-Related Diagnoses, 2017a,b.
| Characteristic | Percent distribution | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal abstinence syndrome | All birth hospitalizationsc | Maternal opioid-related diagnoses | All delivery hospitalizationsc | |
| Unweighted No. (weighted %) | 5375 (0.7) | 751 037 | 6065 (0.8) | 748 239 |
| Race/ethnicityd | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 77.5 | 52.2 | 79.9 | 52.5 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 8.1 | 15.3 | 8.1 | 15.5 |
| Hispanic | 8.5 | 19.4 | 7.8 | 20.8 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.8 | 6.1 | 0.8 | 6.3 |
| Non-Hispanic other/multiple races | 5.1 | 6.9 | 3.5 | 4.9 |
| Maternal age, ye | ||||
| ≤19 | 1.5 | 5.2 | ||
| 20-24 | 18.7 | 19.8 | ||
| 25-29 | 37.0 | 29.2 | ||
| 30-34 | 28.4 | 28.3 | ||
| ≥35 | 14.4 | 17.5 | ||
| Primary expected payer | ||||
| Medicaid | 84.0 | 46.3 | 77.1 | 43.3 |
| Private | 10.0 | 46.3 | 16.4 | 50.9 |
| Self-pay | 4.8 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 |
| Other public | 1.2 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 3.3 |
| Zip code income quartilef | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 38.1 | 28.1 | 36.4 | 28.1 |
| 2 | 28.8 | 25.7 | 30.6 | 25.7 |
| 3 | 20.9 | 24.4 | 21.1 | 24.4 |
| 4 (highest) | 12.2 | 21.9 | 11.9 | 21.8 |
| Urban/rural residenceg | ||||
| Metro | ||||
| Large | 42.3 | 57.2 | 44.4 | 57.0 |
| Small | 35.6 | 29.4 | 35.1 | 29.5 |
| Nonmetro | 22.1 | 13.4 | 20.6 | 13.4 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, National Inpatient Sample, 2017.
All estimates are weighted to the universe of community nonrehabilitation hospitals in the American Hospital Association’s annual survey by sampling strata of census division, urban/rural location and teaching status, bed size category, and ownership.
Birth hospitalizations refer to liveborn infant discharge records; delivery hospitalizations refer to maternal discharge records, regardless of pregnancy outcome.
From the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file; nationally weighted from all records in states with reliable race/ethnicity reporting, which is collected by self-report on admission to the hospital using fixed categories.
Infant and maternal discharge records are not linked.
Median household income in quartile 1 is less than $44 000; quartile 2, $44 000 to $55 999; quartile 3, $56 000 to $73 999; and quartile 4, at least $74 000.
Based on a simplification of the US Department of Agriculture’s Urban Influence Codes to the following categories: large metropolitan counties (≥1 million residents in at least 1 urbanized area of a core-based statistical area), small metropolitan counties (50 000-999 999 residents in at least 1 urbanized area of a core-based statistical area), and nonmetropolitan/rural counties (micropolitan or non–core-based statistical area).