Table 2.

Mouse models of lupus used in the studies described.

Mouse model	Type of animal model	Shown to have a leaky gut?
MRL/pr	Spontaneous lupus – mutation in Fas gene with multigenic contribution from MRL background strain	Yes [41]
NZBWF1	Spontaneous lupus - multigenic	Yes [42]
(NZW ​× ​BXSB)F1	Spontaneous lupus ​= ​multigenic but with over-expressed TLR7 in males	Yes [40]
TLR7.1 transgenic	Transgenic model over-expressing TLR7	Yes [40]
Fcgr2b−/−	Knockout of the inhibitory Fc $\gamma$ RIIb receptor	Yes [39,44]
Pristane-induced lupus	Wildtype mice induced to have lupus by injection of pristane intraperitoneally	No, unless fed DSS∗ [44]
B6/lpr	Wildtype but carries the Fas lpr mutation leading to immune activation and mild lupus	Not tested
SNF1	Spontaneous lupus - multigenic	Not tested

∗ DSS – dextran sulfate solution.