Evaluation of anti-adhesive properties
of films based on gold (Au),
Chitosan (Ch_Buffer), and chitosan–N-acetylcysteine
(Ch_NAC4). (A) S. aureus adhesion on Au, Ch_Buffer,
and Ch_NAC4 films after 2 h incubation in growth medium (white bars)
and 4 h re-incubation on fresh growth medium after the 2 h pre-incubation
period (black bars). (B) S. aureus adhesion on Au,
Ch_Buffer, and Ch_NAC4 after 2 h incubation in phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS) or PBS supplemented with 1% human plasma. (C) Mass of
proteins from 1% (v/v) human plasma adsorbed on Au, Ch_Buffer, and
Ch_NAC4 surfaces. (D) Effect of Au, chitosan, and thiolated chitosan
on S. aureus total biofilm biomass formation. Data
represented as means (n = 3) ± SD. Reprinted
with permission from ref (245), licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License (CC BY 4.0).