Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-positive, smear-negative presumptive participants, comparing MTB culture-positives and negatives (n=366)
| Participants characteristics | Overall (N=366) | Culture positives (N=81) | Culture negatives (N=285) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age at visit time (Median (IQR) | 32 (28, 39) | 31 (27, 37) | 33 (28, 40) | 0.064 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) (Median, IQR) | 112 (23, 308) | 79 (15, 179) | 130 (26, 331) | 0.011 |
| Gender: Female (n, %) | 232 (63.4) | 43 (53.1) | 189 (66.3) | 0.029 |
| Inpatient participants | 250 (68.3) | 65 (80.3) | 185 (64.9) | 0.009 |
| Cough Present | 359 (98.1) | 80 (98.8) | 279 (97.9) | 1.000 |
| Fever present | 333 (91.0) | 75 (92.6) | 258 (90.5) | 0.665 |
| Weight loss present | 325 (88.8) | 80 (98.8) | 245 (86.0) | 0.001 |
| Medication history | ||||
| Antiretroviral therapy (n, %) | 137 (37.4) | 24 (29.6) | 113 (39.6) | 0.037 |
| Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis | 341 (93.2) | 78 (96.3) | 263 (92.3) | 0.299 |
| Previous medication for TB disease | 67 (18.3) | 9 (11.1) | 58 (20.4) | 0.032 |
| TB tests results | ||||
| Xpert MTB/RIF positive | 65 (17.8) | 53 (65.4) | 12 (4.2) | 0.000 |
| Urine TB LAM Positive (n, %) | 50 (13.7) | 28 (34.6) | 22 (7.7) | 0.000 |
| CXR interpreted as TB (n, %) | 187 (51.1) | 55 (67.9) | 132 (46.3) | 0.001 |
| Radiological Characteristics (n, %) | ||||
| Upper infiltratesa | 143 (39.1) | 52 (64.2) | 91 (31.9) | 0.000 |
| Lower Infiltrates | 150 (41.0) | 46 (56.8) | 104 (36.5) | 0.001 |
| Cavity | 15 (4.1) | 2 (2.5) | 13 (4.6) | 0.537 |
| Miliary disease | 6 (1.6) | 4 (4.9) | 2 (0.7) | 0.023 |
| Pleural Effusion | 39 (10.7) | 13 (16.0) | 26 (9.1) | 0.100 |
| Pleural Thickening | 35 (9.6) | 12 (14.8) | 23 (8.1) | 0.085 |
| Adenopathy | 13 (3.6) | 5 (6.2) | 8 (2.8) | 0.172 |
| Fibrosis | 20 (5.5) | 4 (4.9) | 16 (5.6) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: TB Tuberculosis; ART Antiretroviral therapy; CXR Chest X-ray; LAM Lipoarabinomannan; IQR Inter-quartile range; a means infiltrates in upper or middle lobe