Table 3.

List of pseudoviruses

Type of pseudovirus	Mechanism of cell entry	Interaction with vimentin
Spike-GFP – lentiviral packaging plasmid (psPAX) with SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein (pCAGGS-SARS-CoV-2-S) and third plasmid encoding GFP protein (Lego-G2) Spike = psPAX + Lego-G2 + pCAGGS-SARS-Cov-2-S	SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein directly binds with the host cell surface ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 (51), possible direct attachment with surface vimentin acting as co-receptor	Anti-vimentin antibodies (17 C-terminal residues aa 417–426) inhibited Spike-GFP pseudovirus entry into A549hsACE2 cells by 35% and HEK 293ThsACE2 cells by 45% in dose-dependent manner
SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain (#RVP-701G, Integral Molecular) – heterologous lentiviral core, three separate plasmids encoding lentiviral gag protein, spike protein and reporter gene		Pritumumab blocked up to 60% of viral transduction in kidney epithelial cells expressing ACE2. High inhibition efficacy of anti-vimentin antibodies to C-terminal, developed both in rabbit and chicken.
VSV-GFP – lentiviral packaging plasmid (psPAX) with the VSV-G envelope plasmid (pMD2G) and plasmid encoding GFP VSV-G = psPAX + Lego-G2 + pMD2G	VSV bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) to entry the cells, considered as positive control (52)	Vimentin antibodies do not block VSV-GFP pseudovirus uptake in A549-ACE2 nor HEK 293ThsACE2 cells
AEnv-GFP – lentiviral plasmid (psPAX) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding plasmid (Δenv = psPAX + Lego-G2)	Lack of envelope protein, do not enter into the cells, considered as negative control	No direct or indirect interactions with vimentin recorded