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. 2019 Feb 8;6:5. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2019.00005

Table 1.

Measurements and key results of this experiment.

Measure type Variable name Key results
Performance metrics
  • Rate of mutual gaze (objects identified/minute)

  • Task completion time (seconds)

  • Head-gaze and Eye-gaze had more rate of mutual gaze than Baseline

  • No significant difference

Observed behavior
  • Number of hand gestures

  • Physical movement (meters)

  • Distance between collaborators (meters)

  • Head-gaze and Eye-gaze needed less hand pointing than Baseline

  • Head-gaze required least physical movement in the scene

  • Eye-gaze condition had collaborators in closest proximity and Baseline had them most dispersed

Subjective surveys
  • Usability

  • Social presence

  • Semi-structured interview

  • Head-gaze was most easy to use and useful

  • Baseline and FoV were more confusing than Head-gaze

  • Baseline had least co-presence, others were similar

  • FoV had worst attention allocation ratings and Eye-gaze was best

  • Head-gaze had best perceived message understanding and perceived behavioral independence, baseline was worst in both

  • Head-gaze preferred mostly

  • AR users reported higher difficulty than VR users