Table 3.
Fall detection using individual wearable devices from 2014 to 2020.
| References | Sensor | Location | No. subjects (age) | Data sets | Algorithms | Equipment | Alarm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saleh and Jeannès (2019) | Accelerometer | Waist | 23 (19–30), 15 (60–75) | Simulated | SVM | N/A | N |
| Zitouni et al. (2019) | Accelerometer | Sole | 6 (N/A) | Simulated | Threshold | Smartsole | N/A |
| Thilo et al. (2019) | Accelerometer | Torso | 15 (mean = 81) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y |
| Wu et al. (2019) | Accelerometer | Chest and Thigh | 42 (N/A), 36 (N/A) | Public (Simulated) | Decision tree | Smartwatch (Samsung watch) | N/A |
| Sucerquia et al. (2018) | Accelerometer | Waist | 38 (N/A) | Public data sets | |||
| Chen et al. (2018) | Accelerometer | Leg (pockets) | 10 (20–26) | N/A | ML(SVM) | Smartphones | Y |
| Putra et al. (2017) | Accelerometer | Waist | 38 (N/A), 42 (N/A) | Public data sets | ML | N | N/A |
| Khojasteh et al. (2018) | Accelerometer | N/A | 17 (18–55), 6 (N/A), 15 (mean = 66.4) | Public (Simulated) | Threshold/ML | N/A | N/A |
| de Araújo et al. (2018) | Accelerometer | Wrist | 1 (30) | N/A | Threshold | Smartwatch | N/A |
| Djelouat et al. (2017) | Accelerometer | Waist | N/A | Collected by authors (Simulated) | ML | Shimmer-3 | Y |
| Aziz et al. (2017) | Accelerometer | Waist | 10 (mean = 26.6) | Collected by authors (Simulated) | Threshold/ML | Accelerometers (Opal model, APDM Inc) | N |
| Kao et al. (2017) | Accelerometer | Wrist | N/A | Collected by authors (Simulated) | ML | ZenWatch(ASUS) | Y |
| Islam et al. (2017) | Accelerometer | Chest (pocket) | 7 (N/A) | N/A | Threshold | Smartphone | N/A |
| Xi et al. (2017) | Electro-myography (sEMG) | Ankle, Leg | 3 (24–26) | Collected by authors (Simulated) | ML | EMGworks 4.0 (DelSys Inc.) | N |
| Chen et al. (2017b) | Accelerometer | Lumbar, Thigh | 22 (mean = 69.5) | Public data sets (Real) | ML | N/A | N/A |
| Chen et al. (2017b) | Accelerometer | Chest, Waist, Arm, Hand | N/A | Collected by authors (Simulated) | Threshold | N/A | Y |
| Medrano et al. (2017) | Accelerometer | N/A | 10 (20–42) | Public (Simulated) | ML | Smartphones | N |
| Shi et al. (2016) | Accelerometer | N/A | 10 (mean = 25) | N/A | Threshold | Smartphone | N/A |
| Wu et al. (2015) | Accelerometer | Waist | 3 (23, 42, 60) | Collected by authors (Simulated) | Threshold | ADXL345 Accelerometer(ADI) | Y |
| Mahmud and Sirat (2015) | Accelerometer | Waist | 13 (22–23) | Collected by authors (Simulated) | Threshold | Shimmer | N/A |
ML is the abbreviation of Machine Learning.