Table 7.
Fall detection using fusion of sensor networks from 2014 to 2020.
| References | Sensor | No. subjects (age) | Data sets | Algorithms | Real-time (Alarm) | Fusion method | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fusion within visual sensors and ambient sensors | |||||||
| Espinosa et al. (2019) | Two cameras | 17 (18-24) | Simulated | CNN | N/A (N) | Feature fusion | N/A |
| Ma et al. (2019) | RGB camera, Thermal camera | 14 (N/A) | Simulated | CNN | N/A (N) | Partial fusion | N/A |
| Spasova et al. (2016) | Web Camera, Infrared sensor | 5 (27-81) | Simulated | SVM | Y (Y) | Partial fusion | A13-OlinuXino |
| Fusion within different kinds of individual sensors | |||||||
| Mart́ınez-Villaseñor et al. (2019) | Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Ambient light, Electroencephalograph, Infrared sensors, Web cameras | 17 (18–24) | Simulated | Random Forest, SVM, ANN, kNN, CNN | Feature fusion | N/A | N/A |
| Li et al. (2018) | Accelerometer (smartphone), Kinect | N/A | Simulated | SVM, Threshold | Y (N/A) | Decision fusion | N/A |
| Daher et al. (2017) | Force sensors, Accelerometers | 6 (N/A) | Simulated | Threshold | N (N/A) | Decision fusion | N/A |
| Ozcan and Velipasalar (2016) | Camera (smartphone), Accelerometer | 10 (24 -30) | Simulated | Histogram of oriented gradients | Y (Y) | Decision fusion | N/A |
| Kwolek and Kepski (2016) | Accelerometer, Kinect | 5 (N/A) | Simulated | Fuzzy logic | Y (Y) | Feature fusion, Partial fusion | PandaBoard ES |
| Sabatini et al. (2016) | Barometric altimeters, Accelerometer, Gyroscope | 25 (mean = 28.3) | Simulated | Threshold | N/A (N) | Feature fusion | N/A |
| Chen et al. (2015) | Kinect, Inertial sensor | 12 (23–30) | Public Simulated Ofli et al. (2013) | Collaborative representation, | N/A (N) | Feature fusion | N/A |
| Gasparrini et al. (2015) | Kinect v2, Accelerometer | 11 (22-39) | Simulated | Threshold | N (N/A) | Data fusion | N/A |
| Kwolek and Kepski (2014) | Accelerometer, Kinect | 5 (N/A) | Public (Simulated) URF (2014) | SVM, k-NN | Y (Y) | Partial fusion | PandaBoard ES |
| Kepski and Kwolek (2014) | Accelerometer, Kinect | 30 (under 28) | Simulated | Alogorithms | Y (N) | Partial fusion | PandaBoard |
| Liu et al. (2014) | Passive infrared sensor, Doppler radar sensor | 454 (N/A) | Simulated + Real life | SVM | N/A (N) | Decision fusion | N/A |
| Yazar et al. (2014) | Passive infrared sensors, Vibration sensor | N/A | Simulated | Threshold, SVM | N/A (N) | Decision fusion | N/A |