Figure 10.

Input modalities for everting vine robot control on the spectrum from full autonomy to direct teleoperation. (Left) Full autonomy has been demonstrated for simple tasks, such as following a continuously visible stimulus in the robot's field of view. (Middle) Shared autonomy has used a point-and-click interface for the human operator to direct the robot toward a set of waypoints in its camera view. (Right) Direct teleoperation has used both off-the-shelf and custom-designed interfaces that are held or worn and used to complete navigation and pick-and-place tasks. Modified from Hawkes et al. (2017). Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Modified from Greer et al. (2019). The publisher for this copyrighted material is Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers. Modified from Greer et al. (2017) © IEEE 2017, El-Hussieny et al. (2018) © IEEE 2018, and Stroppa et al. (2020) © IEEE 2020.