Table 1.
Participant descriptions
| Descriptive | EMIF-AD MBD |
ADNI |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 82) | Alzheimer’s disease (n = 228) | Controls (n = 45) | Alzheimer’s disease (n = 197) | |
| Cognitive status, n (%) | ||||
| Intact cognition | 82 (100) | 57 (25) | 45 (100) | 32 (16) |
| MCI | 0 (0) | 92 (40)* | 0 (0) | 103 (52) |
| Dementia | 0 (0) | 79 (35) | 0 (0) | 62 (31) |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 61.1 (7)** | 68.1 (8)*,*** | 75.8 (6) | 74.9 (7) |
| Female, n (%) | 47 (57) | 126 (55)* | 23 (51) | 81 (41) |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 11.9 (3.5)** | 11.2 (3.5)* | 15.6 (3) | 15.6 (3) |
| MMSE, mean (SD)a | 28.6 (1.3)** | 25.6 (3.9)*** | 29.2 (0.6) | 26.1 (2.6)*** |
| APOE e4, at least one allele (%)b | 14 (22)** | 140 (52) | 4 (8) | 129 (65)*** |
| Hippocampal volume, mean (SD)c,e | 0 (1) | −1.4 (1.5)*,*** | 0 (1) | −1.7 (1.4)*** |
| Amyloid-β1–42 pg/ml, mean (SD)f | 0 (1) | −2.8 (1.5)*,*** | 247.5 (29.2) | 139.1 (23.1)*** |
| t-tau pg/ml, mean (SD)f | 0 (1) | 4.4 (4.7)*** | 57.1 (13.1) | 114.3 (54.9)*** |
| Abnormal t-tau, n (%)g | 0 (0) | 151 (66)*** | 0 (0) | 115 (58)*** |
| p-tau pg/ml, mean (SD)d,f | 0 (1) | 2.1 (2.5)*** | 20.3 (9.4) | 39.1 (17.5)*** |
| Abnormal p-tau, n (%)g | 7 (8.5) | 149 (65)*,*** | 9 (20) | 168 (85)*** |
MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.
aData missing for one individual;
b16 individuals;
c159 individuals; and
dfive individuals.
eScaled according to the mean and SD values in controls.
fBased on Luminex in ADNI and scaled for EMIF according to cohort-specific controls as previously described (Bos et al., 2018).
gCut-off points to define abnormal levels for ADNI: t-tau > 93 pg/ml, p-tau > 21 pg/ml (Shaw et al., 2009), and cohort specific for EMIF-AD MBD as previously described (Bos et al., 2018).
Groups were compared with χ2 tests or t-test where appropriate.
P < 0.05 for across cohort comparisons between Alzheimer’s disease groups.
P < 0.05 for across cohort comparisons between controls.
P < 0.01 × 10−30 for controls versus Alzheimer’s disease within cohort.
Cohort differences in continuous amyloid-β1-42, t-tau and p-tau levels are based on cohort scaled values according to control group levels.