Table 3.

The questionnaire results for participant of the PCNL access module evaluation.

Metric		Mean (SD)
		Total (n = 20)	Novices (n = 17)	Experts (n = 3)	p
Haptic Realism	Realism of instrument handle	2.7 (1.45)	2.6 (1.50)	3.3 (0.943)	0.57
	Realism of the targets	3.4 (1.49)	3.2 (1.54)	4.3 (0.471)	0.24
	Realism of the haptic feedback	2.4 (1.39)	2.2 (1.38)	3.3 (0.943)	0.20
	Realism (overall)	3.25 (1.51)	3.3 (1.52)	3.0 (1.41)	0.77
Usefulness	Hand-eye coordination training	3.8 (1.38)	3.7 (1.45)	4.3 (0.471)	0.49
	Rehearsal tool	3.8 (1.37)	3.6 (1.45)	4.3 (0.471)	0.44
	Likelihood to recommend	3.6 (1.56)	3.5 (1.65)	4.3 (.0471)	0.40
Image Quality	Quality	4.1 (0.624)	4.1 (0.639)	4.3 (0.471)	0.51
	Brightness	4.3 (0.781)	4.3 (0.823)	4.3 (0.471)	0.94
	Resolution	3.95 (0.920)	3.9 (0.963)	4.3 (0.471)	0.46
	Delay in image display	4.05 (0.920)	4.1 (0.937)	4.0 (0.816)	0.92
	Comfort	3.9 (1.04)	3.9 (1.08)	4.0 (0.816)	0.87
	Realistic (yes)	95%	94.1%	100%