Cell-inspired robots. (A) The Mark II implementation of CEBOT [Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Terms and Conditions for RightsLink Permissions Springer Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (Fukuda and Nakagawa, 1990), CC BY (1990)]; (B) rendering of a single module of PolyBot model G3 (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Yim et al., 2002); (C) a single module of CONRO robot (Payne et al., 2004) (Reprinted by permission from Rubenstein, Payne, Will, Shen/USC, ISI); (D) a cluster of modules approaching a docking station cluster of M-TRAN robot (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Murata et al., 2006); (E) a cluster of modules of CKbot with camera module on top (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Yim et al., 2007); (F) a single module of Sambot (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Wei et al., 2011); (G) two modules of SMORES (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Davey et al., 2012); (H) two modules of M-Blocks (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Romanishin et al., 2013); (I) a single module of the modular self-reconfigurable robot presented in Qiao et al. (2014) (Reprinted with permission from License Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)); (J) Roombots: two clusters composed of two modules connected to a grid during assembly (© [2018] IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Spröwitz et al., 2010).