Fig. 4. Increased O-GlcNAc levels ameliorate cognitive deficits in 5xFAD mice.

(A) Schematic drawing of the schedule of cognitive tests in indicated mouse genotypes (n = 9 to 14). (B) The number of entries in the Y-maze. (C) Time spent to the exploration of indicated mouse genotypes in novel object test. (D) Swimming speed of indicated mouse genotypes in the Morris water maze. (E) The Y-maze spontaneous alteration. (F) Preference for familiar and novel objects in the novel object recognition test. F, familiar object; N, novel object; N.S., not significant. (G) Duration of memory retention in the passive avoidance test. (H) The escape latency measured during the Morris water maze training trials. (I) Swimming traces obtained during training trials. (J) Time spent in the target quadrant where the hidden platform was previously placed during probe trial. (K) The number of times mice passed through the area in which the hidden platform was previously located during probe trial. (L) Swimming traces obtained during probe test. Values are presented as means ± SEM. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 versus WT; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus 5xFAD except familiar object (F); one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.