Table 1.

Main characteristics of the included studies in this meta-analysis.

Author	Year	Country	Gender, M/F	Age, years (mean age ± SD) (range age)	Biliary diseases	Samples	Specific primers	Helicobacter species	Cases	Controls	Nos.
Bahri Abayli et al.	2005	Turkey	28/49	M: 50 (25–73) F: 54 (24–80)	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Gallstone	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	77	20	6
Cíntia Presser Silva et al.	2003	Brazil	27/37	Cases: 51.5 ± 16.4 (21–80); controls: 38.3 ± 17.4 (18–70)	Cholelithiasis	Bile, gallbladder	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	46	18	7
Isaeva Aeva et al.	2018	Russia	37/77	Cases: cholecystitis 42.6 ± 4.8, cholelithiasis 57.1 ± 3.6; controls: 42.9 ± 3.4	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Bile ducts, gallbladder	Urease C gene	H. pylori	84	30	6
Griniatsos et al.	2009	Greece	22/67	63 (51–73)	Cholelithiasis	Gallbladder	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	89	42	7
Kenichi Harada et al.	2001	Japan	None	None	Cholelithiasis	Bile	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	39	9	6
Milutin Bulajic et al.	2002	Serbia	32/40	56.7 ± 16.45	Cholelithiasis	Bile	Urease A gene	H. pylori	65	7	6
Milutin Bulajic et al.	2002	Serbia	42/47	None	Cholelithiasis	Bile	Urease A gene, 16S rDNA gene	H. pylori	63	11	7
Mohammad Yousuf Dar et al.	2016	India	29/46	Cases: 40.5 ± 10.85 (18–75); controls: 37.3 ± 9.6 (18–54)	Cholelithiasis	Bile	26 kDa surface antigen	H. pylori	50	25	6
Norio Matsukura et al.	2002	Japan, Thailand	30/15	65.2 (24–83)	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Bile	16S rRNA gene	H. bilis	42	14	7
Farshad et al.	2004	Iran	None	Cases: 18–70; controls: 20–67	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Bile	16S rRNA gene, isocitrate dehydrogenase gene	H. pylori	33	40	6
Somayeh Janani Sherafat et al.	2012	Iran	None	None	Cholelithiasis	Bile	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	74	13	6
Takashi Kobayashi et al.	2005	Japan	None	None	Cholelithiasis	Bile	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	30	21	7
Toshihide Hamada et al.	2009	Japan	43/49	Cases: 61.2 controls: 69.2	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Bile	16S rRNA gene	H. hepaticus	60	32	6
Bohr et al.	2007	German	None	None	Cholelithiasis	Gallbladder	16S rRNA gene	H. ganmani	57	22	7
Virinder Kumar Bansal et al.	2012	India	None	None	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Bile	Urease A gene	H. pylori	49	12	7
Chen et al.	2003	New Zealand	39/68	Cases: symptomatic gallstones 47.4 (23.3–79.9); asymptomatic gallstones 50.6 (35.7–66.0); controls: 58.7 (23.2–74.4)	Cholelithiasis	Gallbladder	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	70	37	6
Roosendaal et al.	2002	Netherlands	None	73 (42–85)	Cholelithiasis	Bile	16S rDNA gene	H. pylori	28	3	7
Seyed Masih Fatemi et al.	2017	Iran	58/19	46.85 ± 14.53	Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis	Bile	Hsp60 gene, 16S rRNA gene	H. pylori, H. bilis	52	25	7
Karagin et al.	2010	Sweden	79/113	Cases: 48 (20–84); controls: 58 (11–85)	Cholecystitis	Gallbladder	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori, H. pullorum	100	102	6
Yakoob et al.	2011	Pakistan	43/101	49 ± 14 (18–84)	Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis	Bile, gallbladder	16S rRNA gene	H. pylori	89	55	6

M, male; F, female; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa scale assessment.