Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of CKD patients and non-CKD patients.
| Non-CKD | CKD3 | CKD4 | CKD5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 19/23 | 38/16 | 34/15 | 25/17 |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 13#▲ | 69 ± 16 | 75 ± 12 | 71 ± 11 |
| Uric acid (μmol/l) | 305 ± 99∗#▲ | 391 ± 95 | 475 ± 141 | 412 ± 105 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 39.9 ± 2.9∗#▲ | 36.1 ± 5.8 | 35.5 ± 5.0 | 32.9 ± 4.8 |
| Prealbumin (mg/l) | 225.1 ± 53.5 | 229.8 ± 79.7 | 222.3 ± 68.7 | 232.3 ± 72.5 |
| FT3 (pmol/l) | 4.1 ± 0.9#▲ | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 1.1 |
| FT4 (pmol/l) | 13.2 ± 2.6 | 12.6 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 2.3 | 12.3 ± 2.2 |
| TSH (mIU/l) | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 1.9 |
| Complement C3 (mg/l) | 0.87 ± 0.18∗ | 0.70 ± 0.19 | 0.79 ± 0.17 | 0.71 ± 0.19 |
| Complement C4 (mg/l) | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.25 ± 0.18 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.08 |
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 130 ± 16#▲ | 122 ± 20 | 109 ± 25 | 89 ± 15∗ |
| Cystatin C (mg/dl) | 1.19 ± 0.36∗#▲ | 1.75 ± 0.40 | 2.65 ± 0.61 | 3.95 ± 0.71∗ |
| β2-MG (mg/dl) | 2.55 ± 1.10∗#▲ | 4.08 ± 1.63 | 7.32 ± 2.79 | 12.76 ± 4.33∗ |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 5.71 ± 1.73∗#▲ | 8.43 ± 2.83 | 14.09 ± 7.42 | 21.92 ± 5.30∗ |
| sCr (μmol/l) | 67 ± 14∗#▲ | 120 ± 21 | 191 ± 37 | 471 ± 152∗ |
| Proteinuria (g/24 h) | 36 ± 47∗#▲ | 555 ± 1124 | 767 ± 976 | 1582 ± 1918 |
| Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.24 ± 0.13∗#▲ | 2.14 ± 0.15 | 2.17 ± 0.13 | 2.03 ± 0.21 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.18 ± 0.19#▲ | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.30 ± 0.23 | 1.52 ± 0.36∗ |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.35 ± 1.01 | 4.48 ± 1.63 | 4.06 ± 1.16 | 3.97 ± 0.97 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.87 ± 0.89▲ | 1.61 ± 0.96 | 1.58 ± 0.71 | 1.38 ± 0.93 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.11 ± 0.29 | 1.00 ± 0.28 | 0.96 ± 0.24 | 1.03 ± 0.51 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 2.25 ± 0.64 | 2.53 ± 1.25 | 2.24 ± 0.82 | 2.20 ± 0.77 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.28 ± 1.71 | 6.86 ± 1.14 | 6.45 ± 0.86 | 6.19 ± 0.92 |
| IgA (mg/l) | 2.25 ± 0.89 | 2.53 ± 2.05 | 2.58 ± 1.36 | 2.34 ± 0.92 |
| IgG (mg/l) | 10.23 ± 1.96 | 11.39 ± 4.98 | 12.15 ± 3.40 | 11.81 ± 4.76 |
| IgM (mg/l) | 1.04 ± 0.53 | 0.89 ± 0.68 | 0.87 ± 0.46 | 0.96 ± 1.05 |
| Tryptophan (μmol/l) | 57.3 ± 21.7▲ | 55.9 ± 21.4 | 48.3 ± 21.6 | 35.3 ± 17.1∗ |
| Kynurenine (μmol/l) | 2.15 ± 0.82∗#▲ | 3.30 ± 1.38 | 4.23 ± 2.02 | 5.34 ± 2.73 |
| IDO | 0.04 ± 0.02∗#▲ | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.08∗ |
| CRP (mg/l) | 9 ± 16 | 12 ± 29 | 27 ± 38 | 19 ± 35 |
| PT (second) | 11.21 ± 1.00 | 11.16 ± 1.12 | 11.79 ± 1.43 | 12.30 ± 2.79 |
| APTT (second) | 26.54 ± 2.20 | 27.11 ± 2.89 | 27.22 ± 3.47 | 30.71 ± 10.54 |
| Fibrinogen (g/l) | 3.35 ± 1.04 | 3.22 ± 0.72 | 3.92 ± 1.32 | 4.97 ± 3.82 |
| DD (μg/ml) | 0.57 ± 0.48 | 1.30 ± 2.61 | 2.12 ± 5.08 | 1.14 ± 0.82 |
CKD: chronic kidney disease; FT3: free triiodothyronine; FT4: free thyroxine; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; β2-MG: β2-microglobulin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; sCr: serum creatinine; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; IDO: indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; DD: D-dimer. ∗p, non-CKD vs. CKD3; #p, non-CKD vs. CKD4; ▲p, non-CKD vs. CKD5; ∗#▲p < 0.05.