Kidney targeting efficiency and biodistribution of Dex/PFP@LIPs-BMS-α by cells localization in vivo. (A) In vivo efficiency of Dex/PFP@LIPs-BMS-α by cells localization at various intervals (Pre, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h). Green (white arrows) and flaky red (yellow arrows) were self-luminous, and which merged into yellow, the red dots (purple arrows) were the Dex/PFP@LIPs or Dex/PFP@LIPs-BMS-α (labeled by DiI), scale bar = 15 µm. (B) Biodistribution (heart, liver, spleen and lung) in PHN rats were observed by CLSM after injection of Dex/PFP@LIPs or Dex/PFP@LIPs-BMS-α. Dex/PFP@LIPs and Dex/PFP@LIPs-BMS-α were pre-labeled by DiI (red), scale bar = 200 µm. (C) The mean fluorescence intensities were measured by a semi-quantitative method. (D) The mean fluorescence intensities of each groups were measured by Image J. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, t-test, *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001.