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. 2021 Jan 1;11(6):2770–2787. doi: 10.7150/thno.51756

Figure 3.

Figure 3

NDTRs induce monocyte chemotaxis via an MCP-1-dependent pathway. (A-C) Neutrophils were stimulated with indicated stimulators and EVs were isolated. The lane was coated with isolated neutrophil-derived EVs and monocytes were allowed to migrate toward isolated neutrophil-derived EVs. The distances traveled by migrating cells were tracked on every minute for 45 min. Representative tracking results of thirty cells per each group are presented. (A) Monocyte migration tracking analysis. (B) The effects of MCP-1 inhibitor on chemotaxis of monocytes against neutrophil-derived EVs. Upper panels, monocytes were allowed to migrate toward MCP-1 (100 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of CCR1 antagonist. Middle and bottom panels, monocytes were allowed to migrate toward neutrophil-derived EVs in the presence of CCR2 antagonist (+MCP-1 inhibitor, 1 µg/mL). (C) Mean distance and velocity of monocytes traveled towards neutrophil-derived EVs. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. All data are representative of three independent experiments (n = 3-4 per group).