Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| eGFR < 15 mL/min | eGFR 15–29 mL/min | eGFR 30–59 mL/min | No CKD | p value for trend* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort, n (% of all patients) | 15 (2.4) | 45 (7.2) | 239 (38.4) | 324 (52.0) | |
| Male, n (%) | 12 (80.0) | 26 (57.8) | 124 (51.9) | 218 (67.3) | 0.069 |
| Age [years], median (IQR) | 75 (69; 79) | 80 (76; 82) | 79 (74; 83) | 76 (71; 80) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index [kg/m2], median (IQR) | 25 (23; 32) | 28 (25; 30) | 27 (24; 31) | 26 (24; 30) | 0.038 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| HAS-BLED score, mean ± SD | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| Type of AF, each n (%) | |||||
| Paroxysmal | 7 (46.7) | 16 (35.6) | 99 (41.4) | 144 (44.4) | 0.39 |
| Persistent | 3 (20.0) | 10 (22.2) | 42 (17.6) | 57 (17.6) | 0.59 |
| Permanent | 5 (33.3) | 19 (42.2) | 98 (41.0) | 123 (38.0) | 0.66 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 22 (48.9) | 74 (31.0) | 69 (21.3) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 14 (93.3) | 43 (95.6) | 222 (92.9) | 301 (92.9) | 0.69 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 10 (66.7) | 24 (53.3) | 96 (40.2) | 84 (25.9) | < 0.001 |
| Prior cerebrovascular event, each n (%) | |||||
| TIA | 1 (6.7) | 4 (8.9) | 14 (5.9) | 33 (10.2) | 0.22 |
| Stroke | 3 (20.0) | 11 (24.4) | 46 (19.2) | 72 (22.2) | 0.72 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 22 (48.9) | 133 (55.6) | 123 (38.0) | < 0.001 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 7 (15.6) | 35 (14.6) | 29 (9.0) | 0.056 |
| Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 17 (37.8) | 66 (27.6) | 74 (22.8) | 0.012 |
| Prior major bleeding, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 18 (40.0) | 94 (39.3) | 131 (40.4) | 0.87 |
| Indication for LAAC, each n (%) | |||||
| Prior bleeding | 14 (93.3) | 37 (82.2) | 199 (83.3) | 247 (76.2) | 0.022 |
| Prior cerebrovascular event despite OAC | 4 (26.7) | 13 (28.9) | 52 (21.8) | 98 (30.2) | 0.2 |
| Absolute contraindication against any OAC | 3 (20.0) | 7 (15.6) | 48 (20.1) | 62 (19.1) | 0.88 |
| Labile INR | 1 (6.7) | 6 (13.3) | 27 (11.3) | 20 (6.2) | 0.061 |
| Incompliance with OAC | 0 (0.0) | 5 (11.1) | 15 (6.3) | 13 (4.0) | 0.2 |
| Patient preference | 3 (20.0) | 5 (11.1) | 54 (22.6) | 88 (27.2) | 0.028 |
| Other reason | 2 (13.3) | 5 (11.1) | 20 (8.4) | 31 (9.6) | 0.82 |
| Medication at presentation, each n (%) | |||||
| Anticoagulants | 9 (60.0) | 27 (60.0) | 153 (64.0) | 193 (59.6) | 0.6 |
| Antiplatelet agent | 6 (40.0) | 19 (42.2) | 92 (38.5) | 102 (31.5) | 0.056 |
AF atrial fibrillation, CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, INR international normalised ratio, IQR interquartile range, LAAC left atrial appendage closure, MDRD modification of diet in renal disease, OAC oral anticoagulation, SD standard deviation, TIA transitory ischemic attack
*Tested by Cochran–Armitage or Jonckheere–Terpstra test; p < 0.05 is indicating a significant difference (printed in bold type)