Table 2.
Factors associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months after ischemic stroke.
| Good prognosis (mRS < 3) (n = 383) |
Poor prognosis (mRS ≥ 3) (n = 134) |
p-value | Multivariable logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| Age (years) | 63.2 (12.9) | 71.2 (11.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 251 (65.5) | 86 (64.2) | 0.858 | 0.036 | 0.031 |
| Hypertension | 192 (50.1) | 81 (60.4) | 0.050 | 0.661 | 0.597 |
| Previous coronary artery disease | 17 (4.4) | 20 (14.9) | < 0.001 | 0.024 | 0.022 |
| Previous stroke | 28 (7.3) | 20 (14.9) | 0.015 | 0.326 | 0.312 |
| HOMA-IR, median (IQR) | 2.26 (1.66–3.23) | 2.55 (1.75–3.99) | 0.019 | 0.089 | |
| Log HOMA-IR, mean (SD) | 0.38 ± 0.26 | 0.45 ± 0.26 | 0.006 | 0.006 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.7 | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 0.527 | ||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 104.4 ± 22.8 | 107.4 ± 19.0 | 0.144 | ||
| Total cholesterol level (mg/dL) | 189.7 ± 38.5 | 191.4 ± 42.2 | 0.663 | ||
| Triglycerides level (mg/dL) | 131.2 ± 89.6 | 121.8 ± 81.4 | 0.283 | ||
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.6 ± 11.7 | 44.7 ± 11.6 | 0.449 | ||
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 113.0 ± 33.8 | 119.0 ± 34.6 | 0.080 | 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.413 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 149.7 ± 29.8 | 151.4 ± 25.2 | 0.536 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 88.3 ± 15.9 | 89.4 ± 13.9 | 0.476 | ||
| Initial NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 4 (2–5) | 6 (3–13) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| TOAST classification subtype | < 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.010 | ||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 96 (25.1) | 46 (34.3) | |||
| Cardioembolism | 71 (18.5) | 30 (22.4) | |||
| Small vessel occlusion | 113 (29.5) | 13 (9.7) | |||
| Undetermined | 81 (21.1) | 38 (28.4) | |||
| Others | 22 (5.7) | 7 (5.2) | |||
| Early neurological deterioration | 11 (2.9) | 19 (14.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, or n (%).
mRS, modified Rankin Scale; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance scores; IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS); TOAST, the Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.