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. 2021 Jan 13;11:972. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79611-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Replication of F. novicida strains within the J774 macrophage-like cell line. (a) F. novicida WT (black circles, solid line), ΔldcF (white circles, dotted line) and ΔldcF::ldcF (black triangles, solid line) were inoculated at a MOI of 100:1 and intracellular bacteria were enumerated by cfu counting at different times post infection (b) Production of ROS evaluated at 24 h after infection of macrophages with a MOI of 1,000:1 using the redox-sensitive dye DCFA detected by fluorescence spectroscopy. Data correspond to mean ± s.e.m. of 4 distinct experiments and after subtraction of background values obtained with uninfected macrophages. *P < 0.05.