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. 2021 Jan 13;11:957. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79609-z

Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the caregivers (N = 175).

Characteristics Depression
N = 20
Non-depression
N = 155
Total
N = 175
z/x2 p
Gender 0.43 0.51
Male 5 (25.0) 50 (32.3) 55 (31.4)
Female 15 (75.0) 105 (67.7) 120 (68.6)
Age 57.5 ± 9.3 59.7 ± 12.6 59.5 ± 12.3 − 1.57 0.12
Duration of caring 10.7 ± 6.5 7.4 ± 5.1 7.8 ± 5.3 − 2.40 0.02*
Education 0.06 0.81
Less than high school (< 12) 7 (35.0) 50 (32.3) 57 (32.6)
More than college (≧12) 13 (65.0) 105 (67.7) 118 (67.4)
Years of education 11.2 ± 3.8 11.4 ± 4.4 11.4 ± 4.3 − 0.44 0.66
Marital status 0.26 0.61
Unmarried 2 (10.0) 22 (14.2) 24 (13.7)
Married 18 (90.0) 133 (85.8) 151 (86.3)
Unemployment 12 (60.0) 104 (67.1) 116 (66.3) 0.40 0.53
Comorbid with other diseases 11 (55.0) 76 (49.0) 87 (49.7) 0.25 0.62
Past psychiatric history 13.23  < 0.001*
No psychiatric history 14 (70.0) 146 (94.2) 160 (91.4)
Depressive disorder 3 (15.0) 3 (1.9) 6 (3.4)
Anxiety disorder 2 (10.0) 1 (0.6) 3 (1.7)
Insomnia 3 (15.0) 6 (3.9) 9 (5.1)
Suicide history 0 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 0.13 0.72
Family psychiatric history 0.76 0.68
No psychiatric history 18 (90.0) 147 (94.8) 165 (94.3)
Depressive disorder 1 (5.0) 6 (3.9) 7 (4.0)
Anxiety disorder 1 (5.0) 2 (1.3) 3 (1.7)
Family suicide history 1 (5.0) 5 (3.2) 6 (3.4) 0.17 0.68
Anxiolytics/Hypnotics use 6 (30.0) 11 (7.1) 17 (9.7) 10.60 0.001*
UPDRS of caring patients 41.8 ± 22.2 37.7 ± 12.2 37.9 ± 13.1 − 0.38 0.71
H&Y staging 2.6 ± 0.9 2.1 ± 0.4 2.2 ± 0.4 − 0.61 0.54
BHS 5.1 (0–14) 3.1 (0–15) 3.3 (0–15) − 2.08 0.04*
FSS 33.4 ± 13.4 23.0 ± 13.4 24.1 ± 13.8 − 3.24 0.001*
CDRISC 23.4 ± 7.2 31.8 ± 7.6 30.8 ± 8.0 − 4.33  < 0.001*
HAMD 13.0 (3–26) 2.5 (0–13) 3.7 (0–26) − 7.03  < 0.001*

UPDRS Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, BHS Beck Hopelessness Scale, FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, CORISC Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, HAMD Hamilton depression rating scale, H&Y staging Hoehn and Yahr staging, *p < 0.05.