Fig. 5. cGAUGE MR analysis with p₁ = 1 × 10⁻⁰⁷ and p₂ = 0.001.

All presented links were detected at 10% BY FDR correction and had π₁ > 0.25. Solid arrows represent G_T edges (phenotypes whose correlation is robust to conditioning) and dashed arrows represent G_T non-edges. For simplicity, we excluded waist circumference and height, arrows out of diseases, and arrows into biomarkers. DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c levels, FEV forced expiratory volume, FVC forced vital capacity, IGF1 insulin like growth factor 1 levels, LDL direct low-density lipoprotein levels, HDL cholesterol high-density lipoprotein levels, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin levels.