Fig. 2.
Influences of co-treatment with ATRA and ellagic acid or urolithin A on transcription of the O2−-generating system-related genes. Total RNAs were extracted from ATRA-treated, ATRA plus ellagic acid-treated (A), and ATRA plus urolithin A-treated (B) U937 cells, and mRNA levels of p22-phox, gp91-phox, p40-phox, p47-phox and p67-phox were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR as in “Materials and methods.” Data calibrated with the internal controls are indicated as percentages of control values (100%) obtained from ATRA-treated U937 cells and represent the averages of three separate experiments. Error bars indicate standard deviation. **, P < 0.01 compared with the data of ATRA-treated cells.