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. 2021 Jan 13;11:966. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80005-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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RRD and patient characterization. (a) An optical coherence tomography scan of the right eye with acute-onset RRD of a 53-year old female patient reveals fovea-involving RRD (macula off) with edema in the outer retinal layers (right eye; central retinal thickness 594 µm at the fovea). Scale bar: 200 µm. RPE retinal pigment epithelium, T temporal, I inferior, N nasal, S superior. (b) Distribution of detached retinal area in studied RRD patients. Quadrant 0 = a large tear/rupture with starting (early-onset) local retinal detachment (RD), quadrant 1 = 25% of RD (covering one quadrant of retinal area), 2 quadrants = 50% of RD, 3 quadrants = 75% of RD and 4 quadrants = a total retinal detachment. (c) The demographics of the MH-Pucker, PDR-TRD and RRD patients, showing the distributions of the age (years) and vitreous protein concentration (mg/ml). The median is shown with a line and the mean with a dashed line.