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. 2021 Jan 13;12:351. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20484-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The blue line shows our best estimate, and the gray field indicates the upper and lower bounds based on 95% confidence level using the LOESS curve fitting method. The pO₂ was calculated using the lowest 10% of all carbonate Ce/Ce* data for 100 Ma intervals during the Phanerozoic Eon.