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. 2021 Jan 13;11:952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78654-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Summary of multiplex network construction and network modules. (A) In the epilepsy-autism gene network there are a total of 1707 genes represented, including 999 epilepsy-associated genes and 913 autism-associated genes (205 genes are shared). (B) Using the 1707 genes a multiplex gene network was created. One layer of the multiplex network represents protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between the genes retrieved from the STRING database. The other layer was created using gene-phenotype relations retrieved from the Phen2Gene knowledge base. A multiplex version of the well-known Louvain algorithm was applied on the multiplex network to generate modules taking both layers of the network into consideration. The regular Louvain algorithm was also applied to each layer separately to generate modules using only one layer. (C) The figure plots the size of the 30 largest modules generated from the PPI network layer, the phenotype network layer, and the multiplex network.