Table 2.

Incidence of shoulder pain.

	Control group (n = 32)	Patch group (n = 31)	P value
Incidencea
Overall	25 (78%)	13 (42%)	0.005
Baseline	4 (13%)	7 (23%)	0.337
30 min after surgery	6 (19%)	0	0.024
6 h after surgery	15 (47%)	6 (19%)	0.032
24 h after surgery	22 (69%)	11 (35%)	0.012
48 h after surgery	20 (63%)	8 (26%)	0.005
> Abdominal painb	12 (37%)	4 (13%)	0.041
Alleviated painc	0	5 (16%)	0.024

Values are presented as number (proportion).

^aIncidence was defined as the number of patients having higher shoulder pain compared with baseline.

^bThe number of patients having worse shoulder pain compared with abdominal pain.

^cThe number of patients having less shoulder pain compared with baseline.