Table 1.

Multivariate and univariate analysis results following a 2 × 3 RMANOVA assessing the influence of walking speed instruction and task on the root-mean-square ratio (RMSratio).

	Task	Walking speed	Walking speed × task
Multivariate
	F6,72 = 0.3	F3,17 = 9.6	F6,72 = 1.18
	(p = 0.95)	(p < 0.001)	(p = 0.33)
	Λ = 0.96	Λ = 0.37	Λ = 0.83

	Task (no multivariate effect)	Walking speed	Walking speed × task (no multivariate effect)
Univariate
AP	F1.4,27.1 = 0.5	F1,19 = 18.4	F2,38 = 1.1
	(p = 0.53)	(p < 0.001)	(p = 0.35)
VT	F2,38 = 0.01	F1,19 = 23.2	F2,38 = 0.8
	(p = 0.99)	(p < 0.001)	(p = 0.46)
ML	F2,38 = 0.1	F1,19 = 0.1	F2,38 = 2.4
	(p = 0.87)	(p = 0.33)	(p = 0.11)

‘Λ’ denotes Wilk’s lambda; ‘F’ denotes the F-statistic (extent of the difference between group means).

‘p’ denotes the statistical significance; the threshold for significance was set at p < 0.05.

ML mediolateral measurement axis, VT vertical measurement axis, AP anteroposterior measurement axis.