Table 2.
Differences in means by characteristic and income group
| Characteristic | 1 | 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | Diff. | p value | Middle | High | Diff. | p value | |
| Socio-demographics | ||||||||
| Non-White | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.51 |
| Male | 0.31 | 0.52 | − 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.68 | − 0.28 | 0.00 |
| New York-California | 0.47 | 0.57 | − 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.69 | − 0.25 | 0.00 |
| Elderly | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.00 |
| Health | ||||||||
| Pre-existing condition | 0.43 | 0.46 | − 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
| Housing | ||||||||
| Urban | 0.37 | 0.43 | − 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.62 | − 0.34 | 0.00 |
| Home w/o open air access | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.48 |
| Elderly exposure | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
| Work arrangements and losses | ||||||||
| Working | 0.59 | 0.77 | − 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 0.85 | − 0.16 | 0.00 |
| Full-time | working | 0.23 | 0.66 | − 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.82 | − 0.29 | 0.00 |
| Part-time | working | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
| Can work from home | working | 0.76 | 0.84 | − 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.76 | 0.91 | − 0.15 | 0.00 |
| Stopped working | working | 0.58 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| Tele-working | working | 0.11 | 0.44 | − 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.58 | − 0.3 | 0.00 |
| Still working | working | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.22 |
| Mean lost HH. income ($1000) | 0.40 | 0.51 | − 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.55 | − 0.09 | 0.07 |
| Beliefs and perceptions | ||||||||
| Social distancing effectiveness | 0.70 | 0.75 | − 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.73 | 0.78 | − 0.05 | 0.27 |
| Local infection rate | 0.36 | 0.44 | − 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.51 | − 0.18 | 0.00 |
| Benefits from pandemic | 0.76 | 0.89 | − 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.85 | 0.90 | − 0.05 | 0.12 |
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Changed behavior | 0.81 | 0.92 | − 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.89 | 0.95 | − 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Increased SD | 0.50 | 0.57 | − 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.58 | − 0.02 | 0.75 |
| Increased hand washing-mask wearing | 0.63 | 0.76 | − 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| N | 1006 | 406 | ||||||
This table contains the results from difference of means tests for the listed characteristics. The calculated means are for the proportion of people that are low income vs high income and medium income vs high income. For the first panel low income is defined as the bottom two income quintiles and high income is defined as the top three quintiles. For the second panel, middle income is defined as the third quintile and high income the fifth quintile. The “Diff.” column is the difference of these means and the p value associated with the difference