NLRP3 is regulated by phosphorylation (P), ubiquitylation (Ub) and sumoylation (S). Activating regulatory modifications are listed on the left and those that inhibit NLRP3 activation are on the right. Amino acid residues in both human and mouse NLRP3 are listed for phosphorylation, whereas ubiquitylation and sumoylation refer only to the murine protein residues. PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; JNK1, JUN N-terminal kinase 1; PKD, protein kinase D; BRCC3, BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3; PTPN22, tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; MUL1, E3 SUMO-protein ligase MUL1; PKA, protein kinase A; ARIH2, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ARIH2; TRIM31, tripartite motif-containing protein 31; FBXL2, F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2; MARCH7, membrane-associated RING finger protein 7; PYD, pyrin domain; NACHT, NAIP, CIITA, HET-E and TP1 shared domain; LRR, leucine-rich repeat domain.