Table 1. Differential diagnoses of testicular masses which can be generally determined based on history, examination and ultrasound findings (11,13-16).

Testicular masses	Benign	Malignant
Intra-testicular	Epidermoid cysts; tunica albuginea cysts; tubular ectasia of rete testes; haematoma; infarction; orchitis	Seminoma; NSGCT; sex cord/stromal tumour; PTL
Extra-testicular	Hydrocele; spermatocele; varicocele; inguinal hernia; spermatic cord lipoma; epididymitis; torsion; post-vasectomy sperm granuloma; epididymal cystadenoma; adenomatoid scrotal tumour	Spermatic cord sarcoma; epididymal sarcoma

NSGCT, non-seminomatous germ cell tumour; PTL, primary testicular lymphoma.