Fig 1.

Patient undergoing right-sided robotic-assisted thoracic surgery. (A) The da Vinci robotic operating system in position at the head end of a patient in the left lateral decubitus position. This illustrates the competition for space and limited access to the patient. The clear head drape allowing direct visualisation of the patient can be seen. (B) The view from the anaesthetist's perspective at the head end of the patient. The limited space means that positioning of equipment required during surgery needs to be carefully considered.