Table 2.
Changes in parental well-being (difference-in-differences)
| Satisfaction with ... | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life in general | Family life | Childcare | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Covid-19 | −0.41*** (0.03) | −0.33*** (0.04) | −0.73*** (0.04) | −0.67*** (0.05) | −2.31*** (0.27) | −2.56*** (0.27) |
| Covid-19 × child below 3 years |
−0.24** (0.12) |
−0.41*** (0.12) | −0.57*** (0.14) | −0.64*** (0.15) |
−0.65** (0.33) |
−0.42 (0.33) |
| Covid-19 × child 3–5 years | −0.33*** (0.13) | −0.34*** (0.12) |
−0.16 (0.14) |
−0.24* (0.14) |
−1.20*** (0.32) | −0.93*** (0.32) |
| Covid-19 × child 6–10 years |
−0.19* (0.11) |
−0.19* (0.11) |
−0.28** (0.12) |
−0.32** (0.13) |
−1.07*** (0.31) | −0.90*** (0.30) |
| Covid-19 × child 11–15 years |
−0.03 (0.12) |
0.03 (0.12) |
−0.12 (0.13) |
−0.12 (0.14) |
||
| Child below 3 years |
0.52*** (0.08) |
0.63*** (0.10) |
0.63*** (0.09) |
0.35*** (0.11) |
−0.24 (0.28) |
−0.45 (0.29) |
| Child 3–5 years |
0.39*** (0.07) |
0.33*** (0.09) |
0.36*** (0.08) |
0.09 (0.10) |
0.34 (0.26) |
0.07 (0.26) |
| Child 6–10 years |
0.34*** (0.06) |
0.28*** (0.08) |
0.31*** (0.06) |
0.04 (0.08) |
0.48* (0.26) |
0.35 (0.25) |
| Child 11–15 years |
0.14** (0.07) |
0.07 (0.08) |
0.07 (0.08) |
−0.18** (0.09) |
||
| No. of observations | 34,296 | 34,296 | 31,990 | 31,990 | 5764 | 5764 |
| R2 | 0.008 | 0.102 | 0.008 | 0.095 | 0.021 | 0.103 |
| Control variables | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Notes: The table reports regression results of the difference-in-differences model outlined in eq. (1). Robust standard errors allow for clustering at the individual level and are reported in parentheses. If indicated, control variables are included (dummies for all categories of the following variables: federal state, household size, age in years, education, gender, household income, occupation, employment status
Source: Own calculations based on infratest dimap COMPASS and SOEP v35
***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1