Table 2.

Characteristics of the included trials^{19–23,25,31–35,44–47}

First author, y	#Participants (#F/#M)	Mean age, y	Participants’ characteristics	Country	Duration of trial, wk	Dose of ISFs, mg/d	Constituents of ISFs	Comparisons	Study design	Cognitive outcomes
Basaria et al (2009)25	84 (84/0)	56	Postmenopausal	USA	12	160	64 mg genistein, 63 mg daidzein, 34 mg glycitein	Whole-milk protein	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; executive function; language; visuospatial reasoning
Casini et al (2006)22	77 (77/0)	50	Postmenopausal	Italy	26	60	24 mg genistein, 24 mg daidzein, 12 mg glycitein	Placebo tablet	DB, PC, CO	Psychomotor speed; attention/working memory; visuospatial reasoning
Duffy et al (2003)21	33 (33/0)	50–65	Postmenopausal	UK	12	60	N/A	Lactose tablet	DB, PC, P	Executive function; attention/working memory; language
File et al (2001)34	27 (27/0)	26	Healthy	UK	10	100	N/A	Low-soy diet	P	Executive function; language
File et al (2005)20	50 (50/0)	58	Postmenopausal	UK	6	60	N/A	Placebo capsule	DB, PC, P	Memory; attention/working memory; language
Fournier et al (2007)24	79 (79/0)	56	Postmenopausal	USA	16	70	33 mg genistein 30 mg daidzein, 7 mg glycitein	Cow’s milk	DB, PC, P	Memory; attention/working memory; visuospatial reasoning
Gleason et al (2009)31	30 (15/15)	74	Postmenopausal women and men	USA	26	100	Glycitein	Placebo tablet	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; executive function; language; visuospatial reasoning
Gleason et al (2015)23	59 (34/25)	76	Alzheimer’s disease, postmenopausal women and men	USA	26	100	85 mg daidzein and genistein, 15 mg others	Placebo capsule	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; global cognition; executive function; language; visuospatial reasoning
Henderson et al (2012)19	313 (313/0)	61	Postmenopausal	USA	130	91	77 mg daidzein and genistein, 14 mg others	Milk protein–matched placebo	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; global cognition; executive function; attention/working memory; language; visuospatial reasoning
Ho et al (2007)45	176 (176/0)	64	Postmenopausal	China	26	80	52 mg genistein, 36 mg daidzein, 3 mg glycitein	Placebo capsules	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; global cognition; executive function; language; visuospatial reasoning
Kreijkamp-Kaspers et al (2004)46	175 (175/0)	67	Postmenopausal	Netherlands	52	99	N/A	Whole-milk protein	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; global cognition; executive function; attention/working memory; language
Kritz-Silverstein et al (2003)47	53 (53/0)	61	Postmenopausal	USA	26	110	52 mg genistein, 41 mg daidzein, 6 mg glycitein	Placebo pills	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; executive function; language
Santos-Galduroz et al (2010)44	36 (36/0)	56	Postmenopausal	Brazil	17	80	N/A	Placebo capsules	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; executive function; attention/working memory
Sharma et al (2009)33	33 (0/33)	69	Prostate cancer	USA	12	160	60.8 mg genistein, 16 mg daidzein, 3.2 mg glycitein	Whole-milk protein	DB, PC, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; language; visuospatial reasoning
Thorp et al (2009)32	34 (0/34)	40	Healthy	Australia	6	116	52 mg genistein, 36 mg daidzein, 3 mg glycitein	Placebo capsules	DB, PC, CO	Psychomotor speed; memory; executive function; attention/working memory; language; visuospatial reasoning
Woo et al (2003)35	127 (127/0)	57	Postmenopausal	China	13	100	12 mg genistein, 68 mg daidzein, 36 mg glycitein	No treatment	DB, P	Psychomotor speed; memory; global cognition; executive function

Abbreviations: CO, crossover design; DB, double-blind; P, parallel design; PC, placebo-controlled.