. 2021 Jan 11;9:e10463. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10463

Table 1. Digestion of six forages after 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h incubation in sheep rumen.

Time	Feeds	DM	NDF	ADF	ADL	Cellulose	Hemicellulose
Before rumen incubation	AP	5.04 ± 0.005^a	3.93 ± 0.04^e	3.07 ± 0.02^a	1.25 ± 0.02^a	1.82 ± 0.04^d	0.86 ± 0.01^e
	CR	5.04 ± 0.005^a	4.39 ± 0.02^a	2.76 ± 0.02^b	0.38 ± 0.03^c	2.38 ± 0.008^a	1.63 ± 0.04^b
	DP	5.03 ± 0.01^a	4.18 ± 0.04^c	2.68 ± 0.04^c	0.60 ± 0.02^b	2.08 ± 0.02^bc	1.51 ± 0.07^d
	KS	5.03 ± 0.005^a	4.07 ± 0.05^d	2.45 ± 0.06^d	0.41 ± 0.005^c	2.04 ± 0.05^c	1.62 ± 0.01^bc
	RS	5.02 ± 0.005^a	3.89 ± 0.02^e	2.33 ± 0.02^e	0.22 ± 0.006^e	2.13 ± 0.01^b	1.55 ± 0.004^cd
	SC	5.04 ± 0.01^a	4.32 ± 0.03^b	2.37 ± 0.03^e	0.33 ± 0.006^d	2.04 ± 0.03^c	1.95 ± 0.003^a
24 h after rumen incubation	AP	3.44 ± 0.12^cd	2.90 ± 0.08^b	2.35 ± 0.03^a	0.94 ± 0.03^a	1.41 ± 0.04^d	0.55 ± 0.06^e
	CR	3.68 ± 0.05^b	3.14 ± 0.03^a	2.11 ± 0.02^b	0.34 ± 0.009^c	1.77 ± 0.01^b	1.04 ± 0.01^c
	DP	3.39 ± 0.06^de	2.96 ± 0.08^b	2.05 ± 0.06^b	0.43 ± 0.02^b	1.61 ± 0.08^c	0.92 ± 0.02^d
	KS	3.33 ± 0.10^e	2.81 ± 0.06^c	1.85 ± 0.09^c	0.30 ± 0.02^d	1.55 ± 0.11^c	0.96 ± 0.04^cd
	RS	4.01 ± 0.04^a	3.24 ± 0.04^a	2.10 ± 0.03^b	0.20 ± 0.008^e	1.89 ± 0.03^a	1.13 ± 0.02^b
	SC	3.61 ± 0.04^bc	3.19 ± 0.06^a	1.78 ± 0.006^c	0.29 ± 0.02^d	1.49 ± 0.007^c	1.40 ± 0.05^a
48 h after rumen incubation	AP	3.02 ± 0.21^b	2.62 ± 0.17^c	2.20 ± 0.14^a	0.90 ± 0.09^a	1.30 ± 0.06^c	0.42 ± 0.02^d
	CR	3.58 ± 0.25^a	3.09 ± 0.25^a	2.05 ± 0.24^ab	0.35 ± 0.02^bc	1.70 ± 0.23^a	1.04 ± 0.02^b
	DP	2.95 ± 0.15^b	2.66 ± 0.08^c	1.85 ± 0.03^bc	0.37 ± 0.05^b	1.48 ± 0.03^b	0.81 ± 0.06^c
	KS	3.05 ± 0.09^b	2.73 ± 0.07^bc	1.91 ± 0.02^bc	0.28 ± 0.02^cd	1.63 ± 0.02^ab	0.83 ± 0.05^c
	RS	3.70 ± 0.16^a	2.98 ± 0.11^ab	1.93 ± 0.06^abc	0.19 ± 0.01^d	1.74 ± 0.05^a	1.05 ± 0.05^b
	SC	3.38 ± 0.15^a	3.06 ± 0.11^a	1.77 ± 0.03^c	0.29 ± 0.03^bcd	1.47 ± 0.03^b	1.34 ± 0.07^a
72 h after rumen incubation	AP	2.87 ± 0.13^bcd	2.66 ± 0.15^ab	2.14 ± 0.12^a	0.87 ± 0.07^a	1.27 ± 0.05^c	0.52 ± 0.04^e
	CR	3.40 ± 0.03^a	2.94 ± 0.04^a	2.01 ± 0.04^b	0.37 ± 0.006^b	1.65 ± 0.04^ab	0.93 ± 0.001^c
	DP	2.84 ± 0.14^d	2.56 ± 0.10^b	1.76 ± 0.05^c	0.31 ± 0.02^bc	1.44 ± 0.04^bc	0.80 ± 0.06^d
	KS	2.98 ± 0.14^cd	2.70 ± 0.13^ab	1.79 ± 0.09^bc	0.27 ± 0.02^c	1.50 ± 0.07^abc	0.91 ± 0.04^c
	RS	3.57 ± 0.37^a	2.89 ± 0.34^ab	1.84 ± 0.25^bc	0.18 ± 0.003^d	1.66 ± 0.24^a	1.05 ± 0.09^b
	SC	3.33 ± 0.22^abc	3.02 ± 0.20^a	1.68 ± 0.12^c	0.31 ± 0.008^bc	1.37 ± 0.12^c	1.29 ± 0.08^a
96 h after rumen incubation	AP	2.85 ± 0.15^c	2.50 ± 0.15^a	2.14 ± 0.11^a	0.86 ± 0.04^a	1.27 ± 0.07^a	0.37 ± 0.04^d
	CR	3.20 ± 0.09^b	2.81 ± 0.11^a	1.85 ± 0.09^ab	0.36 ± 0.01^b	1.50 ± 0.08^a	0.92 ± 0.02^b
	DP	2.80 ± 0.12^c	2.49 ± 0.15^a	1.69 ± 0.11^bc	0.30 ± 0.01^c	1.39 ± 0.09^a	0.80 ± 0.04^bc
	KS	2.75 ± 0.06^c	2.47 ± 0.06^a	1.73 ± 0.04^bc	0.26 ± 0.02^d	1.46 ± 0.02^a	0.74 ± 0.02^c
	RS	3.26 ± 0.55^a	2.64 ± 0.48^a	1.70 ± 0.31^c	0.18 ± 0.03^e	1.52 ± 0.28^a	0.94 ± 0.18^b
	SC	3.03 ± 0.48^bc	2.76 ± 0.44^a	1.55 ± 0.26^bc	0.28 ± 0.01^cd	1.26 ± 0.25^a	1.22 ± 0.18^a

Notes.

Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA. Means were compared using Duncan post-hoc test. Different means were denoted using letters at each time point at p < 0.05.

AP: camelthorn
CR: common reed
DP: date palm
KS: kochia
RS: rice straw
SC: salicornia
DM: dry matter
NDF: neutral detergent fiber
ADF: acid detergent fiber
ADL: acid detergent lignin.