Table 1.
Differences in Mean Values of Quality of Life, by Personal Characteristics (N = 202)
| Characteristic | n | % | Quality of Life | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | t/F | p | Scheffe | |||
| Gender | −0.98 | .328 | |||||
| Male | 57 | 28.2 | 26.68 | 6.00 | |||
| Female | 145 | 71.8 | 27.58 | 5.77 | |||
| Age (years; M and SD) | 80.61 | 4.77 | 1.02 | .385 | |||
| ≤ 69 | 14 | 6.9 | 27.07 | 5.54 | |||
| 70–79 | 75 | 37.1 | 28.00 | 5.44 | |||
| 80–89 | 92 | 45.6 | 27.23 | 6.16 | |||
| > 89 | 21 | 10.4 | 25.52 | 5.89 | |||
| Education | 0.49 | .741 | |||||
| Elementary school | 69 | 34.2 | 27.81 | 6.11 | |||
| Middle school | 8 | 4.0 | 28.88 | 10.41 | |||
| High school | 9 | 4.4 | 28.22 | 6.36 | |||
| College or more | 2 | 1.0 | 27.00 | 1.41 | |||
| No formal education | 114 | 56.4 | 26.86 | 5.28 | |||
| Cost payer | 2.22 | .087 | |||||
| Self | 35 | 17.3 | 26.11 | 6.53 | |||
| Spouse | 8 | 4.0 | 27.50 | 8.32 | |||
| Children | 145 | 71.8 | 27.90 | 5.56 | |||
| Governmental subsidies | 14 | 6.9 | 24.36 | 4.22 | |||
| Length of stay (years) | 1.61 | .203 | |||||
| < 1 | 68 | 33.6 | 27.54 | 5.62 | |||
| 1–2 | 46 | 22.8 | 28.43 | 5.75 | |||
| > 2 | 88 | 43.6 | 26.58 | 6.00 | |||
| Family visits (per month) | 6.90 | < .001 | ① > ③; ② > ③ | ||||
| ① Usually (3 times and over) | 81 | 40.1 | 28.47 | 6.09 | |||
| ② Often (1–2 times) | 84 | 41.6 | 27.55 | 4.99 | |||
| ③ Seldom (< 1 time) | 37 | 18.3 | 24.32 | 6.15 | |||
| MMSE-K | 10.70 | < .001 | ① > ③; ② > ③ | ||||
| ① No cognitive impairment | 32 | 15.9 | 30.38 | 4.92 | |||
| ② Mild cognitive impairment | 36 | 17.8 | 29.36 | 5.29 | |||
| ③ Severe cognitive impairment | 134 | 66.3 | 26.05 | 5.78 | |||
| GDS (score) | 6.94 | < .001 | ① > ② | ||||
| ① ≤ 8 | 96 | 36.1 | 30.02 | 5.94 | |||
| ② > 8 | 106 | 63.9 | 24.89 | 4.53 | |||
Note. MMSE-K = Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale.