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. 2020 Aug 5;162(2):446–458. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002033

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Disulfide HMGB1 induces cytokine and chemokine expression to higher levels in primary microglial culture generated from male compared to female mice. Bar graphs represent mRNA levels for (A) Tnf, (B) Ccl2, (C) Il1b, and (D) Il6 in primary cultures of microglia 6 hours after stimulation with disulfide HMGB1 (1 μg/mL) or no stimulation. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 5 experimental replicates/group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs unstimulated group. Unstim, unstimulated; dsHMG, disulfide HMGB1; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1 protein.