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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020 Jul 6;13(8):e007952. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.119.007952

Figure 4. Future directions for artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiac electrophysiology.

Figure 4.

On the bottom is a typical pathway from development of AI tools to their clinical deployment. Progress thus far in electrophysiology has largely been achieved through the retrospective studies component of this pathway, with early prospective studies just beginning. There is currently significant need to evaluate and develop existing AI technologies toward clinical deployment, and potential clinical and market challenges to do so are outlined. Future scientific efforts to develop new AI tools are also outlined. EMR indicates electronic medical record; and FDA, Food and Drug Administration.