Table 4.
Summary of hierarchical regression analysis for variables predicting PCS and MCS among Israeli and Italian participants
| Variablea | PCS | MCS |
|---|---|---|
| Model A | Model B | |
| B (CI) | B (CI) | |
| Gender | 0.23 (− 0.99 to 1.46) | − 0.48 (− 1.74 to 0.77) |
| Age | − 0.21 (− 2.63 to 2.20) | − 1.58 (− 4.06 to 0.89) |
| Marital status | − 1.85 (− 3.41 to − 0.29)* | − 0.40 (− 2.00 to 1.19) |
| Education | 0.19 (0.001 to 0.38)* | − 0.18 (− 0.37 to 0.02) |
| Owning an apartment | 0.13 (− 1.26 to 1.76) | 0.05 (− 1.38 to 1.49) |
| Living with children | 0.25 (− 1.26 to 1.54) | 0.15 (− 1.39 to 1.70) |
| Health status | − 6.12 (− 7.50 to − 4.73)*** | − 2.17 (− 4.78 to − 1.24)* |
| Employment during the quarantine | − 0.36 (− 1.72 to 0.99) | 0.84 (− 0.55 to 2.23) |
| Income status during the quarantine | 0.16 (− 1.19 to 1.52) | − 0.82 (− 2.17 to 0.57) |
| Physical exercise during the quarantine | 1.44 (0.004 to 2.88)* | 2.68 (1.20 to 4.16)*** |
| Depression | 0.09 (− 1.02 to 1.21) | − 4.56 (− 5.71 to − 3.41)*** |
| Anxiety | − 4.19 (− 6.44 to − 1.79)* | − 6.33 (− 7.40 to − 5.26)*** |
| Group: Israel/Italy | − 3.31 (− 4.58 to − 2.04)*** | − 1.23 (− 2.51 to − 0.09)* |
| R2 | 14.6 | 53.5 |
| F change | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
The table presents the final and third step of the regression, controlling for socioeconomic variables, health status, and quarantine-related variables (for example, employment during the quarantine)
PCS Physical component summary, MCS mental component summary
aCategory variables recoded to dummy variables, as described: Gender—male = 0 and female = 1; age—youngest group 18–24 = 0 and other groups—1; marital status—not married = 0 and married = 1; owning an apartment—no = 0 and yes = 1; health status—no chronic disease = 0 and having a chronic disease = 1; working during the quarantine—continued to work (as usual or part time) = 1 and did not continue to work (unpaid vacation or layoff) = 0; income status during the quarantine—no change = 0 and reduced income = 1; physical exercise—not exercising = 0 and exercising as usual = 1; group—Israel = 0 and Italy = 1
*p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001