Overview of the approaches taken for systemic and functional comparison of pathogenic human coronaviruses.

(Left) Viral-human protein-protein interaction network mapping, viral protein localization studies, and functional genetic screens provide key insights into the shared and individual characteristics of each virus. (Right) Structural studies and hypothesis testing in clinical datasets demonstrate the utility of this approach for prioritizing therapeutic strategies. Nsp, nonstructural protein; ORF, open reading frame; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.