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. 2021 Jan 11;13(1):1865705. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1865705

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© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Downregulation of epithelial barrier-related gene expression by elderly-type gut metabolites in normal colonic epithelial cells. HCoEpiCs were cultured with cell culture medium containing the indicated metabolite or distilled water for 3 days. These cells were then subjected to RT-qPCR for the indicated genes. Data represent the mean of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate, and are presented relative to the control. Asterisks indicate the statistical significance of each concentration of metabolite versus distilled water (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01; Tukey’s test)