Table 2. Treatments and outcomes of patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 in the derivation and the validation cohorts.
| Overall (n = 2191) | Derivation cohort (n = 1810) | Validation cohort (n = 381) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatments | ||||
| Corticosteroids | 129/1164 (11.1%) | 112/783 (14.3%) | 17 (4.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Dexamethasone Methylprednisolone | 69/129 (53.5%) 60/129 (46.5%) | 60/112 (53.6%) 52/112 (46.5%) | 9 (52.9%) 8 (47.1%) | |
| Enoxaparin | 254/1218 (20.9%) | 67/837 (8.0%) | 187 (49.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 931/1163 (80.0%) | 577/784 (73.6%) | 354 (92.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Lopinavir /ritonavir | 779/1593 (48.9%) | 670/1212 (55.3%) | 109 (28.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Darunavir/ritonavir | 242/1593 (15.2%) | 0/1212 (0) | 242 (63.5%) | - |
| Tocilizumab | 112/1233 (9.1%) | 31/852 (3.6%) | 81 (21.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Sarilumab | 51/1233 (4.1%) | 0/852 (0) | 51 (13.4%) | - |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 164/1765 (9.2%) | 108/1384 (7.8%) | 56 (14.7%) | 0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Death | 540 (24.6%) | 495 (27.3%) | 45 (11.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Median time from symptoms onset to death (days) | 13 (9–19) | 13 (9–18) | 12 (7–21) | 0.60 |
| Median time from hospital admission to death (days) | 5 (3–10) | 5 (3–9) | 8 (5–15) | 0.003 |
| Admission to ICU | 302 (13.8%) | 242 (13.4%) | 60 (15.7%) | 0.308 |
| Median time from symptoms onset to ICU admission (days) | 11 (8–16) | 11 (8–16) | 18 (7–14) | 0.250 |
| Median time from hospital admission to ICU admission (days) | 3.5 (1–6) | 3.5 (1–6) | 3.5 (1–6) | 0.710 |
| Discharge | 1358 (62.0%) | 1057 (58.4%) | 301 (79%) | <0.0001 |
| Median time from symptoms onset to discharge (days) | 19 (14–26) | 19 (13–25) | 21 (16–27) | 0.010 |
| Median time from hospital admission to discharge (days) | 10 (6–16) | 8 (5–15) | 14 (10–16) | <0.0001 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or n (%).