Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Variables | Total (n = 59) | SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (n = 19) | Endemic HCoVs pneumonia (n = 40) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (62–78) | 71 (60–66) | 75 (64–78) | 0.123 |
| Male, n (%) | 32 (54.2) | 11 (57.9) | 21 (52.5) | 0.698 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 (20.5–25.2) | 24.0 (22.2–24.4) | 23.4 (19.8–25.9) | 0.395 |
| Current or former smoker, n (%) | 21 (35.6) | 7 (36.8) | 14 (35) | 0.890 |
| Symptom onset to hospital admission (days) | 3 (1–7) | 7 (3–8) | 2 (0–5) | 0.025 |
| Symptoms and signs, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 52 (88.1) | 18 (94.7) | 34 (85.0) | 0.411 |
| Cough | 30 (50.8) | 14 (73.7) | 16 (40.0) | 0.014 |
| Sputum | 24 (40.7) | 8 (42.1) | 16 (40.0) | 0.878 |
| Sore throat | 10 (16.9) | 9 (47.4) | 1 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 22 (37.3) | 3 (15.8) | 19 (47.5) | 0.019 |
| Headache | 3 (5.1) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0) | 0.030 |
| Myalgia | 10 (16.9) | 10 (52.6) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Hyposmia | 1 (1.7) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 0.322 |
| Other | 4 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (10.0) | 0.294 |
| Duration of fever (days) | 2 (1–5) | 4 (3–6) | 2 (1–4) | 0.016 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 47 (79.7) | 15 (78.9) | 32 (80.0) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension | 27 (45.8) | 10 (52.6) | 17 (42.5) | 0.465 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (27.1) | 4 (21.1) | 12 (30.0) | 0.470 |
| Chronic lung disease | 15 (25.4) | 2 (10.5) | 13 (32.5) | 0.110 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (10.2) | 0 (0) | 6 (15) | 0.163 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (10.0) | 0.294 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 13 (22.0) | 0 (0) | 13 (32.5) | 0.005 |
| Malignancy | 10 (16.9) | 2 (10.5) | 8 (20.0) | 0.476 |
| CCI | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 0.002 |
| CURB-65 | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–1) | 2 (1–2) | 0.001 |
| MEWS | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.020 |
| SOFA score | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 2 (0–4) | 0.020 |
| Vital signs at admission | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 120 (110–140) | 129 (122–138) | 119 (110–140) | 0.133 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 70 (60–80) | 77 (67–86) | 70 (60–80) | 0.083 |
| Heart rate | 90 (80–102) | 88 (80–96) | 92 (80–102) | 0.338 |
| Body temperature | 37.0 (36.6–37.8) | 37.6 (37.0–38.1) | 36.9 (36.5–37.5) | 0.024 |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Antibiotics | 48 (81.4) | 8 (42.1) | 40 (100) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroid | 18 (30.5) | 1 (5.3) | 17 (42.5) | 0.004 |
| Oxygen therapy | 37 (62.7) | 10 (52.6) | 27 (67.5) | 0.270 |
| Vasopressor | 12 (20.3) | 2 (10.5) | 10 (25.0) | 0.303 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 15 (25.4) | 2 (10.5) | 13 (32.5) | 0.110 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 3 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.5) | 0.544 |
| Length of stay(days) | 16 (11–23) | 17 (16–20) | 15 (8–25) | 0.267 |
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 6 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (15.0) | 0.163 |
Data are shown as the median (IQR) or number (%) as appropriate.
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; HCoVs, human coronaviruses; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CURB-65, Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure plus age ≥ 65 years; MEWS, modified early warning score; SOFA score, sequential organ failure assessment score.