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. 2020 Sep 17;5(5):e849. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000849

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Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0 (CC BY-SA) which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Figure 5. — Stratification for kind of trauma for pain threshold measures. Standard mean differences (SMDs) were calculated as Hedges g. A DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity among the studies was I² = 90.4%, P = 0.000 for the combat-related trauma sample, I² = 81.1%, P = 0.000 for the accident-related trauma sample, I² = 89.8%, P = 0.000 for the sample without comorbid pain conditions, and I² = 81.1%, P = 0.001 for the sample with comorbid pain conditions.