Table 1.
Summary of the case reports with publication year showing the cases of acute appendicitis secondary to traumatic abdominal injuries.
| Study∗ | Sex | Age | PH | MOI | Presentation | D | Examination | Labs | XR | US | CT | Surgery | Intraop | Histo | HS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current study Qatar |
M | 35 y | UR | Camel kick | RLQ pain few hours after the kick, anorexia, V | 2 d | Vit: Nr, RLQ bruise, tenderness | WBC: 15.5, CRP: 90.5, bilirubin: 29.1 | NR | NR | Ap 16 mm, wall enhancement, periappendiceal fat stranding | L Appy | AA | AA | 12 h |
| Zvizdic 2019 Bosnia & Herzegovina Cc [2] |
M | 7 y | UR | Horse kick | Sudden, progressive pain in RLQ, V | 10 h | BP: 95/55, P: 110, T: 38.3, RR: 18. Abrasions, swelling tenderness and guarding RLQ | WBC: 11.5, Hb: 13.2, Plt: 280 | NR | Pericecal free fluid, extending to pouch of Douglas | Small focus of free peritoneal air, free pelvic fluid | Lap, Appy | Perf AA with localized peritonitis | Perf AA, full thickness inflammation of Ap wall | 6 d postop |
| Cobb 2017 U.S [6] |
M | 17 y | AD | MVC | Diffuse progressive Abd pain 24 h after MVC, V 10 times | NR | Vit: Nr, tender in both LQ's (Lt>Rt) and Lt upper quadrant | WBC: 10.8, Hb: 15.8, Plt: 243 | Abd XR: abnormal bowel loop RLQ | NR | Dilated Ap 1.3 cm surrounding fluid in RLQ and pelvis | L Ex, Lap, Appy | Inflamed Ap, dark fluid in RLQ concerning for viscus injury | AA | 10 d postop |
| Ahmed 2014 India [4] |
M | 12 y | UR | Hit disk's corner | Periumbilical Abd pain 1 d after trauma, fever | 1 d | P: 114, BP: 90/56, minimal Abd movement with resp, bruise RLQ, rigid diffusely tender abdomen | WBC: 17, Hb: 10.5 | Abd XR: air under diaphragm | Pelvic free fluid | NR | Ex Lap, Appy | Pus in pelvis, Perf AA at tip | AA | >4 d |
| Paschos 2012 Greece [7] |
F | 17 y | UR | Bicycle accident | Abd pain 12 h after trauma, discharged and came back with pain, anorexia, N&V | 1 d | Vit: Nr, ecchymosis and tenderness RLQ | WBC: 9.1, on readmission: 12.7, Hb: 1.95 mmol/L | NR | Abd free fluid | NR | Lap, Appy | Free fluid, AA, contusion cecal base | AA | 2 d |
| Torres-Grau 2012 UK [3] |
M | 15 | UR | Fall from bicycle | Abd pain 30 m after fall | 6 h | BP: 105/47, P: 57, T: 36.7, RLQ tenderness | WBC: 16.2, Neu: 13.6, Hb: 14.4, CRP: 1 Amy | NR | Free fluid in the peritoneum | NR | L Ex, Appy | Necrotic, non-Perf Ap | AA | NR |
| Atalla 2010 Australia [8] |
M | 53 y | UR | Fall on edge of car door | Abd pain 7 h after fall | 7 h | P: ↑, BP: ↓, RLQ tenderness and guarding | WBC: ↑ | NR | UR | Thickened Ap (10 mm) with fat stranding | L Ex, Appy | AA | AA | 1 d postop |
| Toumi 2010 UK [1] |
M | 11 y | UR | Injury by elbow to RLQ | Abd pain after trauma, N&V, anorexia, fever | 3 d | T: ↑, P: ↑, RLQ tenderness | UA: trace blood; Inf m: ↑ | NR | NR | AA with adjacent collection | Appy | AA | AA serositis | 4 d postop |
| Etensel 2005 Turkey [9] |
M | 9 y | NR | Fall | Polytrauma | 1 h | BP: 80/50, P: 86, T: 36.7, confused, resp dist, head and Lt chest abrasions, ↓ breath sounds Lt chest | Hb: 11.2, WBC: 17.2 | Chest and Abd XR: Lt lung contusion, free peritoneal air | Free air | Head CT: brain edema, Lt parietal bone fx; Abd CT: free air | Lap, Appy | AA, no bowel Perf | AA | 10 d |
| Houry 2001 Colarado [10]. |
M | 5 y | UR | Fall | Abd pain | 1 h | BP: 114/75, P: 149, RR:32, T: 37.7, Abd tenderness and guarding more in RLQ | N | N | Free fluid in pouch of Douglas | Pelvic free fluid, AA | Ex Lap, Appy | AA, Perf at the base | AA | NR |
| Serour 1996 Israel [11] |
M | 11 y | UR | Punch | RLQ pain, N&V | 18 h | BP: 115/60, P: 100, T: 37, looked ill, RLQ tenderness | Hb: 13.7, WBC: 4.5 | NR | NR | Calcified appendicolith, prerectal fluid | Lap. Appy | Gangrenous Ap | Gangrenous appendicitis with periappendicitis | NR |
| Serour 1996 Israel [11] |
M | 8 y | UR | Fall | Abd pain, N and fever | 3 h | BP: 95/55, P: 96, T: 38.2, ecchymosis over right side of the face, RLQ tenderness, guarding, and rebound | Hb: 12.5, WBC: 20.1 | NR | NR | NR | Appy | AA | Phlegmonous appendicitis with periappendicitis | NR |
| Serour 1996 Israel [11] |
M | 7 y | UR | Fight | Abd pain, fever, V | Few d | T: 40, acute Abd | NR | NR | NR | Abscess in RLQ | Appy, drainage of abscess | Gangrenous Perf Ap | Gangrenous Perf appendicitis | NR |
| Ciftci 1996 Turkey [12] |
M | 8 | NR | MVC | Abd pain | 2 h | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Appy | Perf Ap | AA | Average hospital stay 6.4 d |
| Ciftci 1996 Turkey [12] |
F | 5 | NR | Fall | Abd pain | 6 h | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Appy | AA | AA | |
| Ciftci 1996 Turkey [12] |
F | 13 | NR | Ball | N | 12 h | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Appy | AA | AA | |
| Ciftci 1996 Turkey [12] |
M | 14 | NR | MVC | Abd pain | 4 h | NR | NR | NR | NR | Dilated bowel loops, free fluid | Appy | Perf Ap | AA | |
| Ciftci 1996 Turkey [12] |
M | 7 | NR | Assault | Abd pain | 12 h | NR | NR | NR | NR | Dilated bowel loops, free fluid | Appy | AA | AA |
∗For space considerations, only the first author is cited; AA: acute appendicitis; Abd: abdomen/al; AD: atopic dermatitis; Ap: appendix/appendiceal; Appy: appendectomy; BP: blood pressure in mmHg; CRP: C-reactive protein; D: duration of symptoms; d: days; diaph: diaphragm/atic; Ex: exploratory/ion; fx: fracture; h: hour/s; Hb: hemoglobin g/dL; Hem: hematoma; Histo: histology; HS: hospital stay postoperatively; Intraop: intraoperative findings; Inf m: inflammatory markers; I.O: intestinal obstruction; L: laparoscopic; Lap: laparotomy; LQ: lower quadrant; Lt: left; M: male; m: month/s; min: minute/s; McB: McBurney's point; MOI: mechanism of injury; MVC: motor vehicle collision; N: nausea; Neu: neutrophils; NR: not reported; Nr: normal; P: pulse in beats per minute; Perf: perforation; PH: past history; pneumomed: pneumomediastinum; Plt: platelets K/μL; postop: postoperative; resp: respiration; Retro: retroperitoneal; resp dist: respiratory distress; RLQ: right lower quadrant; RR: respiratory rate; Rt: right; T: temperature °C; UA: urine analysis; UR: unremarkable; V: vomiting; Vit: vital signs; WBC: white blood cell count K/μL; y: year/s; ↑: high; ↓: low.