Fig. 1.

Study flowchart. After screening, patients were allocated to the non-PPI (arm A) or PPI (arm B) arms. Hereafter, they were randomized to start with administration of either concomitant water (period 1) or cow’s milk (period 2). Subsequent participation in both arms was allowed and is illustrated with the arrows between arms A and B. Hospital admissions for pharmacokinetic blood sampling took place at days 7 and 14. Esomeprazole 40 mg once daily was administered in arm B at days 5, 6 and 7, and days 12, 13 and 14. PPI proton pump inhibitor