Table 3.
Changes after follow-up for 24 months weighted by propensity score
| Medical therapy | Bariatric surgery | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 338 | 49 | |||
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Change of weight (kg) | − 2.37 | 2.64 | − 30.66 | 8.76 | < 0.001 |
| Change of waist circumference (cm) | − 1.76 | 3.52 | − 26.43 | 7.08 | < 0.001 |
| Change of body mass index (kg/m2) | − 0.89 | 0.93 | − 11.64 | 2.43 | < 0.001 |
| Change of HbA1c (%)* | − 0.52 | 0.46 | − 2.91 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| Change of fasting glucose (mg/dL)* | − 13.08 | 19.88 | − 75.06 | 34.12 | < 0.001 |
| Change of LDL-C (mg/dL) | − 1.93 | 7.89 | − 5.91 | 27.76 | 0.59 |
| Change of HLD-C (mg/dL) | 1.56 | 5.25 | 10.45 | 6.45 | < 0.001 |
| Change of triglycerides (mg/dL)* | − 4.20 | 45.35 | − 184.41 | 156.38 | < 0.001 |
| Change of systemic blood pressure (mmHg) | − 0.79 | 4.66 | − 18.82 | 17.07 | < 0.001 |
| Change of diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | − 3.43 | 3.39 | − 12.29 | 9.53 | 0.001 |
| Change of creatinine (mg/dL)* | 0.24 | 1.26 | − 0.07 | 0.15 | < 0.001 |
| Change of albumin–creatinine ratio (mg/g)* | 29.07 | 103.01 | − 454.9 | 1163.6 | < 0.001 |
| Change of eGFR-MDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2) | − 5.45 | 5.36 | 3.59 | 11.09 | < 0.001 |
| Change of eGFR-CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | − 3.94 | 3.97 | 3.45 | 9.67 | 0.007 |
| Change of pulse (/min) | 1.67 | 3.45 | − 17.39 | 12.37 | < 0.001 |
| Change of toe vibration fork score, right* | − 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.041 |
| Change of toe vibration fork score, left* | − 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.61 | 0.069 |
| Change of ankle reflex score, right* | − 0.01 | 0.06 | − 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.076 |
| Change of ankle reflex score, left* | − 0.02 | 0.07 | − 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.078 |
| Change of monofilament score, right* | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.30 |
| Change of monofilament score, left* | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.45 |
| Change of visual acuity, right* | − 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.73 |
| Change of visual acuity, left* | − 0.02 | 0.11 | − 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.47 |
| Change of non-proliferative retinopathy status, right (%) | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.16 |
| Change of non-proliferative retinopathy status, left (%) | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.31 |
| Change of proliferative retinopathy, right (%) | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.050 |
| Change of proliferative retinopathy, left (%) | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.071 |
*Wilcoxon rank sum test
Toe tuning fork test, 0–8 points when the magnitude of vibrating fork decreased
Ankle reflex score 0, present; 0.5, present after enhancement; 1, absent
10-g monofilament score 0, present (> 8 points); 0.5, attenuated (1–7 points); 1, absent (0 point)
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR MDRD, estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation
CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
All statistically non-significant values to non-bold and all statistically significant values to bold