Table 4.
Changes after follow-up for 24 months using baseline age-, sex, and BMI-matched subjects
| Medical therapy | Bariatric surgery | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 125 | 43 | |||
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (year) | 46.01 | 10.29 | 45.98 | 11.10 | 0.987 |
| Gender (male %) | 44.00 | 46.51 | 0.859 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.86 | 4.31 | 34.60 | 5.02 | 0.030 |
| Change of weight (kg) | − 1.57 | 7.32 | − 22.54 | 17.21 | < 0.001 |
| Change of waist circumference (cm) | − 0.94 | 8.59 | − 20.51 | 11.51 | < 0.001 |
| Change of body mass index (kg/m2) | − 0.64 | 2.52 | − 8.38 | 3.85 | < 0.001 |
| Change of HbA1c (%)* | − 0.52 | 1.44 | − 2.76 | 1.47 | < 0.001 |
| Change of fasting glucose (mg/dL)* | − 19.58 | 68.67 | − 76.13 | 68.84 | < 0.001 |
| Change of LDL-C (mg/dL) | − 4.34 | 29.09 | − 13.90 | 49.78 | 0.244 |
| Change of HLD-C (mg/dL) | 0.34 | 7.35 | 12.38 | 10.31 | < 0.001 |
| Change of triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 2.98 | 154.26 | − 190.93 | 284.18 | < 0.001 |
| Change of systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.33 | 14.99 | − 17.81 | 28.59 | < 0.001 |
| Change of diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | − 4.09 | 11.40 | − 12.49 | 17.21 | 0.004 |
| Change of creatinine (mg/dL)* | 0.04 | 0.14 | − 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.006 |
| Change of albumin–creatinine ratio (mg/g)* | 53.89 | 395.42 | − 363.93 | 1996.91 | < 0.001 |
| Change of eGFR-MDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2) | − 4.04 | 14.50 | 6.27 | 18.97 | 0.002 |
| Change of eGFR-CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | − 2.97 | 10.56 | 4.32 | 16.37 | 0.009 |
| Change of pulse (/min) | 1.40 | 10.20 | − 16.67 | 23.15 | < 0.001 |
| Change of toe tuning fork score, right | − 0.21 | 0.67 | 0.37 | 0.81 | 0.001 |
| Change of toe tuning fork score, left | − 0.15 | 0.71 | 0.43 | 0.92 | 0.002 |
| Change of ankle reflex score, right* | 0.00 | 0.16 | − 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.081 |
| Change of ankle reflex score, left* | − 0.01 | 0.18 | − 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.086 |
| Change of monofilament score, right* | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.39 |
| Change of monofilament score, left* | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.39 |
| Change of visual acuity, right* | − 0.09 | 0.35 | − 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.69 |
| Change of visual acuity, left* | − 0.05 | 0.35 | − 0.07 | 0.34 | 0.77 |
| Change of non-proliferative retinopathy status, right (%) | − 0.04 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.56 | 0.50 |
| Change of non-proliferative retinopathy status, left (%) | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.56 | 0.87 |
| Change of proliferative retinopathy, right (%) | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 |
| Change of proliferative retinopathy, left (%) | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 |
*Wilcoxon rank sum test
Toe tuning fork test, 0–8 points when the magnitude of vibrating fork decreased
Ankle reflex score 0, present; 0.5, present after enhancement; 1, absent
10-g monofilament score 0, present (> 8 points); 0.5, attenuated (1–7 points); 1, absent (0 point)
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR MDRD, estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
All statistically non-significant values to non-bold and all statistically significant values to bold