Table 5.
Maternal cerebral blood flow, neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular reactivity data for participants in the exercise and control group at the end of trimester 1, 2 and 3
| Exercise group (N = 7) | Control group (N = 11) | Two-way ANOVA | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trimester | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | Time | Intervention | Time × intervention |
| PCAv (cm s−1) | 43.7 ± 9.1 | 45.5 ± 10.6 | 42.0 ± 5.3 | 43.5 ± 9.3 | 38.3 ± 4.9 | 35.8 ± 4.8 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.44 |
| NVC response (%) | 13 ± 6 | 14 ± 8 | 15 ± 9 | 14 ± 9 | 17 ± 8 | 18 ± 4 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.85 |
| MCA CVC (cm s−1 mmHg−1) | 0.92 ± 0.14 | 0.93 ± 0.28 | 0.87 ± 0.28 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | 0.87 ± 0.13 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 0.84 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 84 ± 10 | 79 ± 18 | 83 ± 17 | 89 ± 11 | 84 ± 8 | 90 ± 12 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.96 |
| PET CO2 (mmHg) | 31.9 ± 1.8 | 33.8 ± 1.9 | 32.8 ± 1.5 | 33.0 ± 1.9 | 32.7 ± 2.1 | 32.8 ± 0.9 | 0.82 | 0.58 | 0.56 |
| CO2 reactivity test | |||||||||
| Carotid diameter (mm) | 0.64 ± 0.01 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 0.64 ± 0.01 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.89 | 0.72 |
| Carotid diameter (mm) (last 30 s) | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.01 | 0.51 | 0.74 | 0.96 |
| Absolute CVR (cm s−1 mmHg−1) | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 0.71 | 0.11 | 0.58 |
| Relative CVR (cm s−1 mmHg−1) | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 0.92 | 0.23 | 0.47 |
| CVR (r2) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.23 | 0.85 | 0.98 |
Values are mean ± SD. Italics represent significant main effect (P < 0.05)
T1 trimester 1, T2 trimester 2, T3 trimester 3, PCAv posterior cerebral artery velocity, NVC neurovascular coupling, MCA middle cerebral artery, CVC cerebrovascular conductance, MAP mean arterial pressure, PETCO2 end-tidal carbon dioxide, CVR cerebrovascular reactivity